Showing 11 results for Screening
Mahdi Hemmasian Etefagh , Mohammad Hossein Nadimi Shahraki ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Anything that increases a person's chance of developing breast cancer is risk factor. Awareness of these risk factors to identify women who have a high risk of developing breast cancer may be helpful. It also allows intervening in individual and social risk factors and adjustment the incidence of cancer in the individual and our community. The aim of this study is to provide a mathematical model to determine the risk of breast cancer in screening centers.
Methods: In this study we used the data from Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) in National Cancer Institute in USA from 2000-2009 on 6318638 people. For clustering we used EM algorithm and executed in Weka software to cluster this data.
Results: All of the risk factors do not increase the risk of breast cancer in a same mode. Some of these factors are more dangerous and increases the risk raise more than from another risk. Therefore, to determine the impact factor of the population could be achieved in a model upon which to predict the likelihood of breast cancer will be there.
Conclusion: The results of this study shown that using EM algorithm and effective clustering may be effective, any of the risk factors studied in a dataset and for each factor as effective coefficient obtained, and finally the sum of these impact factors on the risk of breast cancer risk factors, the risk can be predicted.
Nooshin Peyman, Mohammad Amani, Habibollah Esmaili,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Health literacy is a measure of an individual’s ability to read, comprehend, and act on medical instructions. According to the theory of planned behavior, the main cause of a behavior is intention. This study aimed to determine the association between health literacy and constructs of theory of planned behavior and Breast Cancer Screening Tests performance among rural women in Roshtkhar
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 women above age 35 years who were selected by Multi-stage random sample method from population covered by rural health centers of Roshtkhar. Data were collected by researcher-made questionnaire and questionnaire of Test of functional health literacy in adults. Data were analysed using SPSS software version16, using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis and linear regression models (α=0.05).
Results: The mean age of participants was 39.6±4.84 years. The Kruskal Wallis Test was shown a significant relationship between Breast Cancer Screening Tests performance and Health Literacy (p<0.001). The Spearman correlation was shown a significant correlation between Subjective norms(r=0/49, p<0.001), Attitude(r=0/40, p<0.001) and health literacy. Linear regression showed that 40 percent of the variance in behavior was predicted by constructs of theory of planned behavior.
Conclusions: The theory of planned behavior could be used as an appropriate theoretical framework for the design and implementation of health literacy and breast cancer interventions.
Mahnaz Ranjkesh, Fariba Fathi Azar, Fatemeh Ghatreh Samani , Mohammad Kazem Tarzamni, Ebrahim Vali Khani ,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Dense breasts are considered as limitation for the sensitivity of mammography. This study evaluates the role of adjunctive breast ultrasound screening in women with dense mammograms.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Tabriz AL Zahra hospital during a year (1394-1395). Asymptomatic women who referred for screening which shows dense breasts (ACR III OR IV) underwent ultrasonography screening for breast cancer. Mammography and sonography assessment were performed and categorized based on as BIRADS CATEGORY system. The final results of mammography BIRADS CATEGORY and sonography BIRADS CATEGORY were compared.
Results: Three hundred and thirty women with mean age of 47.6 years were enrolled into the study. According to the report of mammography, 65, 161, 102 and 2 reports were categorized in BIRADS CATEGORY 0, 1, 2 and 4, respectively. The sonography reports were similar to mammography in BIRADS CATEGORY 1 and 2. Among 65 lesions with BIRADS CATEGORY 0, 10 were suspected as malignant with sonography. The biopsy of the suspicious lesions showed the malignancy in 30% of them.
Conclusion: This study reveals the values of sonography screening in detecting early stage of breast cancer in mammograms with BIRADS category 0 lesions in women with dense breasts. A larger long-term study is, however, needed to assess its feasibility and impact on breast cancer prognosis.
Marjan Mahmoudabadi, Arezoo Saeidifar, Hossein Safizade,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is among common cancers in women. Early diagnosis affects the prognosis of this disease. This study was performed to investigate methods of breast cancer screening among nurses and to find its relationship with the components of the Champion Health Belief Model.
Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 209 nurses from Kerman educational hospitals were evaluated in 2015. The instrument used was the Persian version of the standardized Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Data were analyzed using the independent t-test on SPSS17 software package.
Results: The Mean age of participants was 35.6±8.01 years. The rates of regular breast self-examination, history of breast clinical examination, and history of mammography were 9.3%, 24.6% and 12.8%, respectively. Perceived seriousness was higher in married than in single subjects. Self- efficacy, perceived benefit, and perceived barriers significantly affected doing breast self-examination. Perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy affected visiting a physician for breast physical examination, and perceived barriers had a significant effect on doing mammography.
Conclusion: The present study showed a low rate of breast cancer screening in nurses and considering the relationship of these beliefs with self-efficacy and perceived barriers, it is recommended that training programs focus more on these two aspects.
Kobra Noori, Parvaneh Sahraee, Nastaran Keshavarz Mohammadi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the world and Iran and the leading cause of cancer death among Iranian women. One way to control this cancer is to get screened and diagnosed early. Given that screening in the general population is not possible, early detection of this cancer in high-risk women is one way to control it. Mammography is one way to diagnose breast cancer, but unfortunately, most people do not want to have a mammogram. This is an important issue for women with a family history of breast cancer, which constitutes one of the most high-risk groups for the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the views of relatives of patients with breast cancer about the reasons for unwillingness to perform mammography.
Methods: The present study was a qualitative study performed on 160 first-degree relatives and 118 second-degree relatives of breast cancer patients who were selected by purposive sampling to discover the reasons for not performing mammography. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. All data were recorded and handwritten and analyzed using structural methods.
Results: In the content analysis of the interviews, 5 themes, 14 main categories, and 73 subcategories were extracted. Preoccupation with daily life matters and lack of knowledge were the most common barriers to participation in screening among 1st-degree relatives, while wrong beliefs and attitudes constituted the most common barriers contributing to the unwillingness to getting mammography screening among 2nd-degree relatives.
Conclusion: Relatives of women with breast cancer are neglected despite facing a high probability of developing this cancer. It is suggested that the country’s health system provide comprehensive and effective education for relatives of women with breast cancer to raise awareness and eliminate misconceptions.
Pegah Mohaghegh, Mahsa Farahani, Azam Moslemi, Farzane Ahmadi, Javad Nazari,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The present study aimed to assess the incidence, family histories, and symptoms of breast cancer among the 30–70-year-old women under the coverage of the health centers of Arak city, as well as evaluating the rate of participation in breast cancer screening.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted during 2016-2019 among all the 30- to 70-year-old women who were under the coverage of health centers in Arak and attended rural, urban, or suburban health centers for breast cancer screening and whose data were recorded in the Sib system. Family histories, signs and symptoms reported, rate of participation in the screening program, and incidence of breast cancer were calculated.
Results: The population of women aged 30 to 70 years who were under the coverage of health centers in Arak was 145,743 persons, 56,168 (38.5%) of which participated in the breast cancer screening program. The participation rate was greater in villagers (71.3%) than in the city (33.9%) and the suburb (35.1%). Family history of breast cancer and breast mass were the most frequently reported issues. The mean (SD) age of the breast cancer diagnosis was 49.49 (9.53) years, and breast cancer incidence rates in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 7.85, 8.61, 10.26, and 10.70 (per 10,000 people), respectively, which made an increasing trend. Also, the highest incidence was observed in the age group of 46-59 years.
Conclusion: The rates of participation in the breast cancer screening program in the city and suburb were low, and the trend of the cancer incidence was increasing. Finally, awareness-raising about breast cancer risk factors and symptoms, as well as regular participation in screening, is considered essential.
Reyhane Rajabi, Parvin Abedi, Marzieh Araban, Elham Maraghi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of delivering education via WhatsApp vs a compact disc on health literacy and behavior of middle-aged women about breast cancer.
Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial in which 154 middle-aged (40-59 years) women were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups of education (WhatsApp and compact disc [CD]). The CD training group was given a CD containing information, videos, and images about breast cancer screening methods. Women in the WhatsApp group received the same information on a daily basis for two weeks. The participants completed the Health Literacy Questionnaire (BCHL) before the intervention and after three months. The independent t test, the chi-square test, and the Wilcoxon test were used for analyzing the data.
Results: The total score of health literacy was improved significantly in both groups after the intervention (from 79.1 ± 18.6 at baseline to 94.7 ± 11.9 in the CD group, and from 75.6 ± 17.7 to 85.5 ± 17 in the WhatsApp group; P < 0.0001). The improvement was observed in all domains of breast cancer health literacy including accessibility, reading, understanding, assessment, and decision making. Although using breast self-examination improved significantly in the two groups, there was little improvement in using clinical breast examination and mammography.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that education could significantly improve the health literacy as well as the behavior of middle-aged women about breast cancer, but the comparison of the effects of the two methods showed a greater effect for education via CD.
Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mahin Amini, Abouzar Keshavarzi, Farzad Jalilian,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. Numerous studies have shown the positive effect of screening behaviors in reducing breast cancer mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the level of inequality in breast cancer screening tests uptake (breast self-exam (BSE), clinical breast exam (CBE), and mammography) in western Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 907 women aged 30 and older in Kermanshah. Data were collected using a questionnaire through interviews. The concentration index and concentration curve were used to quantify and analyze inequality in breast cancer screening (SBE, CBE, and mammography). Crude and adjusted odds ratios were used to assess the relationship of each of the three screening behaviors with different subgroups.
Results: The history of SBE, CBE, and mammography were 28.22%, 18.85%, and 17.75%, respectively. The concentration curve was calculated to be 0.268 (P < 0.001) for SBE, 0.126 (P < 0.001) for CBE, and 0.066 (P = 0.166) for mammography.
Conclusion: The focus of health promotion interventions should be on groups of low socioeconomic status. The development of public awareness-raising campaigns, especially for less educated women, can lead to favorable results in reducing inequality in breast cancer screening test uptake.
Farkhondeh Hasannejad, Ahmad Fazilat, Keivan Majidzadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Liquid biopsy is a novel diagnostic tool that investigates biological biomarkers within the blood and other body liquids in order to provide information about the genetics of the tumor and its treatment response. The current review study aimed to highlight the role of liquid biopsy in breast cancer and precision medicine.
Methods: In the current review study, we attempted to evaluate the recent innovations in breast cancer diagnosis by investigating liquid biopsy biomarkers in related databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, from 2018 to 2024.
Results: The assessment of the published articles in this field revealed that the applications of biomarkers in liquid biopsy have a significant role in personalized medicines, highlighting their reliability for use in personalized medicine.
Conclusion: The liquid biopsy biomarkers seem to be a promising approach in breast cancer early detection and remarkable reduction of mortality caused by this disease in the near future.
Zahra Khosravizadegan, Mehrab Sayadi, Fariba Moradi Ardekani, Fatemeh Jafari, Shirzad Javidi Al-E-Saadi, Hamed Karami, Ahad Amiri Gharghani, Aboubakr Jafarnezhad,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. As lack of education and early detection programs in developing countries is the main cause of increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate self-examination among nomadic women who have received little attention.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 432 nomadic women served by the Health Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, selected using a multistage sampling method. Information was collected through a checklist divided to demographic, awareness, breast self-examination, self-care, and screening barriers’ parts by trained staff. All analysis was done at significance level of 0.05 using Stata software version 14.
Results: The mean age of individuals was 53.09 ± 8.94 years, of which 223 (51.6%) were illiterate, and 380 (88%) married. Also, the mean score of awareness was higher in those who perform breast self-examination (BSE) 1-3 times a year (23.09 ± 8.87) and those who see a doctor for periodic examinations (25.42 ±7.29) (p<0.001). Finally, according to the Pearson test, there is an inverse and intermediate correlation between awareness and screening barriers (r=-0.309, p<0.001)
Conclusion: This study shows that awareness and barriers to screening are inversely correlated, and considering that more than half of the population is illiterate, this study may draw the attention of health authorities to increase awareness of BC and pay more attention to this population.
Hadi Jafarimanesh, Ali Yavari, Zahra Goudarzi, Malihe Imeni5, Alireza Nikbakht Nasrabadi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Waiting for a breast cancer diagnosis is one of the most challenging and stressful experiences a woman may face in her lifetime. A deep understanding of the lived experiences of women in this situation can play a crucial role in policymaking and therapeutic planning. Accordingly, this phenomenological study was conducted with the aim of exploring the lived experiences of women awaiting a breast cancer diagnosis.
Methods: This research is a qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study conducted with a Heideggerian approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of women awaiting a breast cancer diagnosis. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was performed using the methods of Diekelmann, Tanner, and Allen, and MAXQDA version 20 software was utilized for data management. To ensure the accuracy and scientific quality of the study, Lincoln and Guba's four criteria (credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability) were applied during the analysis.
Results: In this study, 12 women with a mean age of 56.08 years (age range 27 to 78 years) participated. The analysis of the data obtained from the interviews led to the identification of five main themes regarding women's experiences while awaiting a diagnosis after an abnormal breast screening. These themes included psychological turmoil, the trace of illness in everyday life, stages of adaptation, resilience pathways, and life-saving connections.
Conclusion: The study revealed that waiting for a diagnosis after an abnormal breast screening has profound psychological and emotional impacts on women. However, the use of resilience strategies, providing clear and accurate information, along with reducing waiting times and offering counseling services, can help improve the emotional and psychological experience of patients.
