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Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases
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1- Department of Health Psychology, RO.C., Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, TMS, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,f.lotfi@iau.ir
3- Department of Clinical Psychology, TMS, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, TMS, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,
3- Department of Clinical Psychology, TMS, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (13 Views)
Introduction: Women who have recovered from breast cancer may continue to experience persistent psychological consequences even after completing medical treatment. Worry about illness recurrence and body image disturbance are among the most common psychological problems in this population and may adversely affect quality of life, psychological adjustment, and social functioning. Therefore, identifying effective psychological interventions for these women is of considerable clinical importance. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on worry about illness and body image in women recovered from breast cancer.
Methods: This interventional study used a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population consisted of women aged 30-50 years who had recovered from breast cancer and whose recovery had been confirmed by a specialist physician within the previous 1-4 years. A total of 45 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Spiritual Therapy, and control (15 participants per group). Data were collected using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Cash’s Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire. The two intervention groups each received eight weekly 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention during the study period. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 26, with the significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The findings showed that both Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Spiritual Therapy significantly reduced worry about illness and improved body image compared with the control group. After controlling for pretest scores, a significant difference was observed among the groups in worry about illness (F=45.04, P<0.001, η²=0.68, Power=1.000). Bonferroni post hoc comparisons indicated that both intervention groups differed significantly from the control group, whereas the difference between Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Spiritual Therapy was not statistically significant. Regarding body image, a significant difference was also observed among the groups (F=15.03, P<0.001, η²=0.33, Power=1.000). Both interventions were more effective than the control group, and Spiritual Therapy showed greater improvement in some dimensions of body image disturbance.
Conclusion: The results suggest that both Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Spiritual Therapy can be beneficial psychological interventions for women recovered from breast cancer. These approaches may help reduce worry about illness and improve body image. The patient’s predominant psychological concerns may therefore guide the choice of intervention; however, further studies with larger samples and follow-up assessments are needed to clarify the comparative effectiveness and long-term outcomes of these interventions.
Methods: This interventional study used a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population consisted of women aged 30-50 years who had recovered from breast cancer and whose recovery had been confirmed by a specialist physician within the previous 1-4 years. A total of 45 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Spiritual Therapy, and control (15 participants per group). Data were collected using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Cash’s Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire. The two intervention groups each received eight weekly 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention during the study period. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 26, with the significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The findings showed that both Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Spiritual Therapy significantly reduced worry about illness and improved body image compared with the control group. After controlling for pretest scores, a significant difference was observed among the groups in worry about illness (F=45.04, P<0.001, η²=0.68, Power=1.000). Bonferroni post hoc comparisons indicated that both intervention groups differed significantly from the control group, whereas the difference between Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Spiritual Therapy was not statistically significant. Regarding body image, a significant difference was also observed among the groups (F=15.03, P<0.001, η²=0.33, Power=1.000). Both interventions were more effective than the control group, and Spiritual Therapy showed greater improvement in some dimensions of body image disturbance.
Conclusion: The results suggest that both Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Spiritual Therapy can be beneficial psychological interventions for women recovered from breast cancer. These approaches may help reduce worry about illness and improve body image. The patient’s predominant psychological concerns may therefore guide the choice of intervention; however, further studies with larger samples and follow-up assessments are needed to clarify the comparative effectiveness and long-term outcomes of these interventions.
Keywords: Spiritual Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Worry about Illness, Body Image, Breast Cancer
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Nutrition, psychology, sport
Received: 2026/01/31 | Accepted: 2026/05/31
Received: 2026/01/31 | Accepted: 2026/05/31
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